Herniated Disc
It occurs as a result of the discs acting as shock absorbers between the vertebrae not slipping or tearing as a result of heavy lifting, falling, forcing or strain. A herniated disc, called a slipped-torn disc, forces the weakened or ruptured disc, creating pressure on the nerves coming out of the spinal cord and causing severe pain. It consists of five discs, which are the lumbar part of the spine in herniated disc.
As a result of slipping and tearing between these discs, a hernia occurs and can be heavy on the hips and legs with low back pain.
Diagnosis is usually made by MRI and physical examination. The treatment is determined according to the severity and size of the hernia, medical or surgical. It should not be forgotten that excess weight is the biggest factor that creates a herniated disc. As a result of the surgery, the patients were able to get up in a short time and continue their daily lives. Herniated disc surgery can be performed under local, spinal or general anesthesia.
Neck Hernia
Our neck consists of 7 vertebrae. And between our vertebrae are discs that allow us to move. The disc, which is the most important structure connecting one vertebra to the other, is made up of strong connective tissue. And it acts as a shock absorber between the vertebrae. Discs and facet joints support the movement of the vertebrae and comfortably surround our neck and back movement. Neck hernia usually starts at the age of 30 and is usually seen in people who use their body a lot.
Reverse movement, frequent pushing, lifting heavy loads, traffic accidents and falling from a height cause herniated disc. Its symptoms are neck pain, severe electrification in the back, arms and shoulders, numbness and tingling in the arms and fingers. MR, TOMOGROFI and EMG are used as diagnosis in neck hernia.
In most patients diagnosed with neck hernia, first of all, medical treatment such as heavy medications, physical therapy, exercise, steroid injections is applied. In spite of this, surgical method (discectomy) is applied for pain that does not go away and for growing hernias. Shortly after the operation, patients regain their old health.
Waist Slip
It is the sliding of the upper vertebra onto the lower vertebra. It usually manifests itself in the elderly and long-term wear. It is usually when the L4 vertebrae slide forward over the L5. In children, it watches with the narrow channel. As a complaint, most patients have pain in the waist and hips.
Pain increases when patients lean forward and decreases when bending backwards. MR and X-Ray are used as TNI. Patients who avoid surgery in the first place are treated with pain relievers, physical therapy, waist brace and steroid injections. But these are not exact solutions. Most patients are treated with surgery.
Narrow Channel
With advancing age, the fluid in the discs between the vertebrae decreases, and as a result, the decrease in disc height and the bulging of the hardened disc towards the spinal canal is called narrow canal. The spinal cord carries the nerves that give sensation and strength to the legs. Due to arthritis, the bones and ligaments of the joints in the spine thicken and press on the spinal canal. These changes cause narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal and narrow canal is formed.
In general, patients apply to the hospital with complaints such as pain in the back, loss of sensation, pain in the legs, numbness, tingling, urinary incontinence. The patient is diagnosed with a good neurological examination and MRI. The treatment of diagnosed patients is painkillers to reduce pain, anti-inflammatory drugs are given, and conditioning movements are accompanied by physical therapy.
Spinal injection is applied for pain that does not go away with this. If the patients do not get results from this treatment, narrow canal surgery is performed.
Kyphosis - Scoliosis
Scoliosis is the curvature and rotation of the spine. Kyphosis is a structural hump formed in the dorsal region. Usually these two terms are congenital or occur after birth. The spine is lined up at an angle in a normal person. In Kyphosis and Scoliosis, this angle is increased at the upper level of normal.
It occurs especially if the vertebrae are not damaged due to kyphosis (skeletal dysplasia, neurofibromatosis, etc.), spine infection (spine tuberculosis, etc.) or spinal fractures. However, the most common cause of structural hump in growing patients is Schuermann's disease. This disease takes the shape of the spine from rectangular to triangular.
The skeletal angle in a normal person is between 25 and 45 degrees. In kyphotic patients, this angle rises above 45. Like every disease in kyphotic patients, early diagnosis increases the chance of success in treatment, especially in such patients, who are noticed in childhood, corset treatment provides great support for preventing or slowing the progression of kyphosis. Surgery is recommended for patients who progress despite the use of a corset and exceed 60 degrees.
Diagnosis is made by X-ray and MRI. After the diagnosis, the indication for surgery, especially in scoliosis patients, is that the patients are operated several times to return the spine to its completely normal angle.
In both diseases, the success of treatment is increased with strict follow-up and periodic controls. It may take months for such patients to recover and do some activities after their surgery.
